ABSTRACT
Background: In line with global trends, India has witnessed a sharp rise in C-section (CS) deliveries, especial-ly in the private sector. Methodology: Study attempts to explore change in CS delivery in India at national, regional and State/UT lev-els. We have used factsheet data from the most recent nationally representative survey data i.e., NFHS to ex-amine changes in private and public healthcare facilities, and to determine a difference in rural and urban in CS deliveries. Results: The CS rate has increased from 17.2% to 21.5% in 2019-21. CS was more than twice (40.9%) amongst the private healthcare facilities during the fourth round of NFHS which has shown a considerable in-crease during the fifth round of NFHS (47.4%). There is equal distribution (12.8% during 2015-16 to 17.6% in 2019-21 in rural areas v/s 28.2% during 2015-16 to 32.3% in 2019-21in urban areas) of CS deliveries amongst the rural and urban areas to the total deliveries. Conclusion: Study found that with every one in five deliveries being caesarean, the figure is significantly high as per the recommended cut off by WHO. Thus, it is essential to explore factors regarding emergency or elec-tive caesarean section and to understand if the health facilities are following the recommended protocols for performing CS deliveries.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Women’s empowerment is a crucial factor for economic and social growth. India being committed to making women contribute equally to the growth of the country by 2030 (SDG-5), this study highlighted the major shortcomings in the domain of Women’s health, social and economic growth parameters. Methods: For this study, data related to health and non-health parameters were used from National Family Health Survey factsheets. In reference to “the Global Gender Gap measure by the World Economic Forum”, the indicators have been classified into 4 broad themes, for each of which, indicators were se-lected from NFHS factsheet for analysis, interpretation, and reporting. Results: A2.9% increase in the child sex ratio from 991 to 1022 females per 1000 males over the last two NFHS rounds, indicates a significant societal shift in the country. Out of 21 selected indicators, 4 pa-rameters namely Screening test for cervical and breast cancer, Marriage of women before 18 years of age and Anaemia amongst women have shown a negative change over the past 5 years. Conclusion: The study found that, India has made significant progress around the health, education, economic and social empowerment parameters. But to get an adequate assessment of developments, we need to expand the basket of indicators to holistically analyze change.
ABSTRACT
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of mortality of female gynaecological cancers and ranks seventh as the most common cancer worldwide. The increasing life expectancy has led to increase in its burden exponentially now even in developing countries but limited knowledge is there about the pattern of ovarian tumours. Objective: To determine the burden and describe the pattern of ovarian tumours in patients visiting GMCH. Material and methods: This epidemiological study is retrospective, descriptive hospital based study over five years. The data so collected was analysed using SPSS software. Results: Maximum number i.e 74(24.4%) of cases were in the age group of 50 to 59 years followed by 40 to 49 years. It is also seen that maximum number of cases i.e total of 65 registries were in the year 2013. Maximum number of cases were from the state of Haryana contributing to nearly 41% of total cases. Most of the cases could not be classified into four stages i.e they were categorized as unknown. Chemotherapy is the most commonly used treatment modality. Epithelial adenocarcinoma was the commonest histology subtype. Conclusion: Research should be aimed to find tools for screening and early diagnosis so that better therapeutic approaches can be designed to decrease the burden.
ABSTRACT
Background: Improved quality of life is prime concern of management of diabetes, which is affecting vast population in later years. Audio vestibular function monitoring and care in the diabetics is part of such concern. Materials and methods: A cross sectional investigation was carried out, of type 2 diabetes patients at different stages of disease and therapy to evaluate audio vestibular dysfunction profiles. Results: Hearing loss (HL) was fairly common even in mild early disease while, tinnitus and vertigo too, occurred in all age, gender, disease duration and therapy categories of diabetics. Some 39% of patients bearing tinnitus or vertigo had normal audiograms. Aged males were found to have more exaggerated prevalence of audio vestibular problems than females. Insulin therapy in presumably, patients of long standing disease had lower prevalence of vertigo. Conclusion: Findings imply, more complex relation of audio vestibular complications to diabetes than, to glycemic status or duration of disease. Monitoring of such complications from the earliest, may alone, bring understanding of their pathogenesis and proper prevention and management.
ABSTRACT
Bioproducts of Mushroom have multi beneficial effects for human welfare. Medicinal mushrooms are widely used as traditional medicinal ingredients for the treatment of various diseases and related health problems. Most of the medicinal extracts from mushroom are different forms of polysaccharides which strengthens the immune system with little or no side effect. Medicinal mushroom research has focused on discovery of compounds that can modulate positively or negatively the biological response of immune cells. The antimicrobial activity of various solvent extracts (40μg/ml) of Ganoderma lucidum was tested against six species of bacteria: Escherichia coli (MTCC-443), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-737), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC-2405), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC-1789) Salmonella typhi (MTCC-531) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-779). Acetone extract exhibited maximum antibacterial activity (31.60±0.10), while the most susceptible bacterium observed was Klebsiella pneumoniae.